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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses) 3 B8 r- g5 F; Y: d$ v& b
八卦 trigram
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4 q' N8 V0 o* L- [' p" K/ |/ l 阴、阳 yin, yang
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( ~# u8 O5 n4 E5 z 道 Dao(cf. logo)
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江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world)
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3 R8 Q3 t* B7 M' Q! m$ N e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) " b9 B( N* y9 b1 f& o
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道 Daoism(Taoism)
2 @4 M Z4 w" F: A `- K ~5 ?
# J2 i y1 m5 h; \& O+ u9 _ 上火 excessive internal heat 2 F* G8 K0 ^: s7 H( ?
; [3 v5 _1 O7 P9 y; }4 ?
儒学 Confucianism 5 c! ^: r4 M# \
C' R1 U$ C9 |& v 红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology 9 s! i4 z, p& K) w- K3 ?; {' n
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世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
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) g; j$ Q5 _$ _8 ]$ W. ^+ J7 O 开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world) 7 h3 X' G; v' \3 C; b+ s5 {
6 m' c$ c( w; a* q 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 9 c9 w3 ?* E. l
+ s8 f' g$ [: f+ U' J 伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded
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不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 2 }! A7 Z9 v* v' E+ I3 T& `
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合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people * ~" v% M9 F" M. Z+ P7 c; o
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乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
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铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
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脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
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治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline
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$ w4 N9 A$ r T1 V5 ^. y2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial)
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国庆节 National Day
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% g3 a8 Y( k. Z8 |1 A9 a 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
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春节 Spring Festival
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元宵节 Lantern Festival : `8 c, ^, a7 U* G
+ z H" D3 ^/ F( b/ c& ? 儿童节 Children’s Day 9 A$ L* |2 B" D) @
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端午节 Dragon Boat Festival ( V. o2 W% f4 ^$ r
f2 W5 s1 U+ V+ G9 E/ w 妇女节 Women’s Day 9 V- L0 F7 _) ]$ _" M4 A6 i1 ]
9 m/ u) s: s* r( [: E+ s6 p: @ a 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day V6 g5 y+ G6 L4 Y# g
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教师节 Teachers’ Day * _0 Y2 ^; u( ]0 N
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五四青年节 Youth Day 9 a# b z( d0 |8 h; Y9 F2 E
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3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)
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馄饨 wonton
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锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 9 d0 w; w7 J m0 v# n$ Y
7 n0 [' b& k: A/ a: X 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 4 p# o: H4 n4 ?0 L( _4 u4 p
' |6 H* }) O1 d 套餐 set meal
7 ]! z& o6 i/ Q- k. s6 P3 G+ a, S- M( p5 M# m5 x2 [( ?
盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away : S" k, p$ L" u, Y
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米豆腐 rice tofu # ~( m9 V' X# C8 v+ w0 z- A! X
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魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu : u0 B6 G7 S1 b% W( T: a- K2 w l
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米粉 rice noodles ; g6 N2 W1 ]: o9 B8 M! s4 D
8 P2 c y5 R1 Q" R6 U. C 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.)
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火锅 chafing dish
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7 A- q; Z+ n9 u0 x k( O# I+ L 八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding 8 t; {$ n* q$ _% E) l R- r
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粉丝 glass noodles
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$ x5 V2 i, C4 \2 {/ N+ K( M7 a 豆腐脑 jellied bean curd
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4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
2 A' W( o# Y% W9 a. I; V 中国 电信 China Telecom
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中国 移动 China Mobile
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十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
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# e) U& _; ~2 Z. R# ]% A7 R 中国电脑联网 Chinanet
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三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
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6 _1 F9 Y0 \$ Y' m 希望工程 Project Hope
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京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
# Y( m. }$ i c4 u( X* m& T
! _) H1 G6 G0 W$ L/ d5 c/ n" `4 X 扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
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菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project # A+ t" n7 c3 ^8 Z. n' W8 }; i
1 M/ V* a ]1 {4 c. ^6 i0 V 温饱工程 Decent-Life Project " i5 b, D) j5 n( f; h3 R/ G- }2 Z
/ _/ \' g. Y2 U5 ? 安居工程 Economy Housing Project ; s$ I+ g+ {0 `6 \2 g! u+ D
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扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign ) d4 s& `8 K0 z; B/ i
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西部大开发 Go-West Campaign 7 b Z/ v5 P4 u7 W( z* n
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5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
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! E$ W$ k6 b# V% r' f. K 禅宗 Zen Buddhism % Q: b& v' h. n
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禅 dhyana; dhgaya
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6 g3 s, P% g D- U5 T; A+ m9 L 混沌 chaos ' b3 k8 i/ ^/ g1 h& f
$ M" [ a. ]0 o6 f+ c- ?, Y 道 Daosim, the way and its power ' k& S4 ]7 S4 `; g" k4 `5 C1 _
6 J" T# j) j' I5 j' v 四谛 Four Noble Truth
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八正道 Eightfold Path 5 _3 B0 T1 ~" m a* e F5 y
! ^' ]2 q# n- H0 Z$ p6 i9 t% F7 U 无常 anity $ c7 S1 W4 c' U( e5 i" I* k
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五行说 Theory of Five Elements
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无我 anatman
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' t0 r* ?! G/ i- X6 ? 坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
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空 sunyata
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* y$ d$ S: \* b, M 虚无 nothingness
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双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
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小品 witty skits , s; x0 b, F# r% J( {* D6 O8 A
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相声 cross-talk " i0 w( n% i b& f' n
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噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt
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夜猫子 night people; night-owls + Z) U' N1 w+ N+ [" I' w4 g* h% U
0 N; O4 g' z# r6 h+ T" v 本命年 this animal year of sb.
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处世之道 philosophy of life E" c* v$ y1 \' ^$ C$ ~6 V
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姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) w1 j3 U# b" ?- ], V
/ Y& \8 l4 Z1 Z$ i. U 还愿 redeem a wish (vows) ; _$ I; X: ^" G$ c
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6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
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1 B9 m* K' O- `2 A* p) X7 Z 大陆中国 Mainland China $ Z5 L! o+ C0 W4 { I6 i+ T4 ?
( c: ?7 t! `: M$ X4 V 红宝书 little red book ( m8 X( y: d6 [0 ?6 a' M& J
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红色中国 socialist China $ r5 k9 w0 }; ~1 O
1 e& ^7 S" S/ p6 A9 M, }0 g 四化 Four Modernizations
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' {/ j3 J1 p: B$ |) e a% x3 V: V 终生职业 job-for-life " V3 J( N' f0 T% {, V
+ I8 d0 C+ A% T, }) `3 v; `9 |
铁饭碗 iron rice bowl # ~& y V0 O8 t) a4 G
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大锅饭 communal pot
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* h1 U+ S, E* N; f0 L 关系户 closely-related units * g& I9 C7 _ ?$ X, o- @8 q
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外出打工人员 migrant workers + b! Z: w2 |6 I" K1 B9 F0 U3 e6 x) P
% N. J" ]' P+ z5 [. e: C1 V 关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild
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+ _/ Z) N+ B+ E4 [! ~7 G 五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals 6 V2 B; L* E3 K8 ^
7 o" t4 X4 ^8 I
四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
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7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
/ R# }5 @3 e( J! O4 f0 L 宣纸 rice paper , a# e6 @' G1 @7 ^. P8 X+ H e
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衙门 yamen ! ^/ }' V) W6 Y* O
- ?9 D7 V- ^) T0 C2 n- G5 W |7 q e 叩头 kowtow
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孔子Confucius
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牌楼 pailou;pai-loo 5 @! k) D% {& L
4 |9 I* T! X. f' N1 i8 j( l8 | 武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
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功夫 kungfu ;kung fu 4 t- y |! H) U6 H
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中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
a. {9 p2 |, o. c
6 ^$ ~: k) W4 @ 中和 harmony (zhonghe) , S1 H2 j- ?2 x) O$ w# d! j4 g
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孝顺 to show filial obedience
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5 C( a" u3 ~* X0 }# V. E# z3 O 孝子 dutiful son 9 u9 y, ]; U& E! Y# x
) P. [2 v2 B0 U4 \" @' r 家长 family head 8 W7 U [: L9 e; ?
( u8 V6 t, I- L2 v/ v 三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife % g3 X7 A, W8 l ~+ K/ p) Q& t9 m
4 e2 |$ V6 Q0 v
五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity
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八股文 eight-legged essays # ~( Z3 v) ^& n5 ?: l& k
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多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
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养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age ( R8 n, p7 k5 f7 ^
8 E P; r/ E3 O4 G2 V% x% p8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 & ]2 b3 k& M8 f3 t. N5 }# @' {
1 n* ~, i/ P- |1 J6 l2 w# z 基层监督 grass-roots supervision - ~# d, x: D* {% M H8 {
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基础税率 base tariff level
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婚介所 matrimonial agency
3 A; ?4 H, V6 `& S! S
+ m0 T+ K4 Z! }1 g4 b 婚外恋 extramarital love 6 p: t$ p) |6 f+ ~6 D5 _' J# y! t# z
$ V8 G0 G; A. G8 S0 z 婚纱摄影 bride photo * S h2 H/ |4 l, B. F7 Y
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黑心棉 shoddy cotton / K, Q$ r& T; E' Z% A3 `. X' v8 v
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机器阅卷 machine scoring z+ E4 `. p) x0 J
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即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery 4 ?3 n: G$ y* B* D$ D" b1 |! L
! w* X ]: s* q7 l$ R 集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development
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价格听证会 public price hearings
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! B: P+ v, B& p 甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team ) p+ {! ~8 f9 w9 K0 ?7 ^7 J
3 Z8 _, Q# m6 _. m 家政服务 household management service / b6 s+ M" G# I# x. ]
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加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion ) h% j( r1 M) N$ d: R; W& Q
7 U" h) ` D. f* Y' `/ g# A 假帐 accounting fraud
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/ X" o+ v- K3 I: x 叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel : L) J6 p1 v1 G6 d. D' s0 @- C3 ]
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矫情 use lame arguments
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渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence
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' x( T( U4 K- s% m/ V8 v0 g; l 借调 temporarily transfer
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: a6 E: i( m4 @# @; u3 Z0 v: k; J T 扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group. [% t0 q0 {% U- \) ]0 E3 y
p- v A {+ j; x 扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
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5 Z5 p) u- v, z9 ?' }9 `9 全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
6 u) H' R" O6 A, H& D主席团Presidium $ C; p8 e; h% x$ o: l; h
常务委员会Standing Committee 8 p3 |, n, X# n! s, x8 Y# v* u
中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
8 I1 E- h! _+ }7 X中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
7 U! |$ E7 E" i国务院State Council
2 J# @& L+ ]: X5 @. s信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry : G$ P) u; `1 |, g/ J
文化部Ministry of Culture
- k3 }8 ~8 o$ B- y7 q0 W% t% h! F卫生部Ministry of Public Health 9 v4 |- ~2 E9 G, w9 l
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5 E* [1 F3 E- I5 @/ D; _ ]$ ~国防部Ministry of National Defence
! P+ P; a' O7 d' t( q- d教育部Ministry of Education ( F3 j! i6 }) e/ W9 p) d h
公安部 Ministry of Public Security $ ]; Z% R) q* u/ ]
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security + w9 ?9 @ m, l7 h" o& R: S, f3 G
中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
/ m8 q5 V$ H: |) J中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 q5 Q6 b0 r# V% D3 G3 k. p$ P" F
中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Q x6 `$ c4 l: b, H1 g/ {" p- }中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering 4 L* \1 ~: J r! ^" {2 Q/ Y
最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
8 P4 r5 l6 R+ v* b9 C! v( S最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate ( q+ U" ~) m7 _1 Z3 U
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
* V6 I2 j1 T5 }中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
& l0 F* ]4 b$ H' D/ [中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC $ W6 v9 ^6 a( F$ p
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC 4 N* v2 f% U$ a3 {$ Q
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
4 S* C$ J! `8 B. L, W4 }# ~* H2 g中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC * u5 H7 V: _4 T. P* Q
中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC 7 Y; m5 z C+ I5 G: {2 {
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) & g+ ]9 P8 d+ Z7 @# r4 I. S
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
2 m9 T; t9 Z+ c中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 8 F6 x6 |; N* D, _% r; G
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee ! J! T1 q( F3 _. ?0 J- U2 s
专门委员会Special Committee
$ P( P7 E$ d) @3 \* k中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees ; C3 d {$ d5 K- K5 b+ ?8 D5 V9 q& h0 s
中国政党Chinese Parties 5 g: m) c; V, o3 z6 v9 F7 c H# G
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 0 P9 t9 X/ z: }3 Q, j5 z
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang ! y) E- }; m) R
中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League
7 n3 R7 H M" F7 P E8 x* n' {) p中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
+ ]2 l: Z" z7 o) n" |中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy
. n) A9 m, n! e/ k中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party ( N& }# _7 ?8 B, y) q. R
中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang + z1 ~6 ]7 P2 I I
九三学社Jiu San Society
3 l7 h3 m2 B3 `2 B+ {中国各级党政机关干部名称译名 - L0 @3 p% `8 K, @; b q6 v" n
中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee / v6 |4 t! Y E# I/ a- G) |% f- ?
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee
! f9 f7 E/ m0 w! W: Y政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
5 ?& E+ o( D: n3 J8 t8 C6 I- `书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee : x/ I9 G0 a; @- I2 J, G
中央委员 Member, Central Committee 6 L7 D/ u0 `( V" M9 A" O/ ?$ X
候补委员 Alternate Member
( l) }0 \; ?2 z+ C…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
* ]% I- F. \0 Z! G. x中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
8 ?8 G5 X, ]' ]0 R全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
+ a5 G# e- C0 U& U: m& L+ w$ N秘书长 Secretary-General
* ^6 O3 f# q& \$ y主任委员 Chairman
) e4 b U5 Q1 E$ Q( \委员 Member
% K! V6 } X4 u4 Z(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress 9 @3 c. B3 F9 C
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
6 G" T ^% T3 F3 i国务院总理 Premier, State Council ' v+ V/ ~# ?" @
国务委员 State Councilor
" \5 T/ V0 ]$ o0 O& V, S" K$ |秘书长 Secretary-General
V4 h) l# \( d9 y: E(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for ; B$ }4 E- D+ h6 }: r
(国务院各部)部长 Minister
9 A- c$ Q! f9 t g3 Q# f: I, M1 j0 e部长助理 Assistant Minister # N; C5 c- l$ I$ M. l5 I
司长 Director
8 P/ R& D; T) r* Q5 I局长 Director 3 J& |" I! t% _% Z- E
省长 Governor
% I9 @' Q$ o- [常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor
5 M$ D8 t% Y. ?( P自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government |
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