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As your baby grows into a toddler he'll be more eager to sample food from your plate — and you'll be eager to introduce some variety to his diet. But not all foods are safe for your child. Some may pose a choking hazard, a few aren't good for your baby's still-developing digestive system, and others may be potential allergens. (Some families are more prone to allergies than others, too. If yours is one, read on for suggestions about how long to hold off on certain foods.) Here's an age-by-age look at foods to avoid:
Foods to avoid: Newborn to 4 or 6 months
All solid food: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that you feed your baby only breast milk or formula for the first four to six months.
Foods to avoid: 4 to12 months
Citrus: Introducing citrus juices before age 1 may provoke an allergic reaction, especially if allergies run in your family.
Egg whites: You can give egg yolks to your baby now, but wait a year on the protein-rich whites because he may be allergic to them. In fact, if you think he may be at high risk for allergies, you might even delay giving your baby the whites until he's 2.
Honey: Honey can harbor spores of Clostridium botulinum (botulism). An adult's intestinal tract can prevent the growth of these spores, but in a baby the spores can grow and produce life-threatening toxins.
Peanut butter: Peanuts are highly allergenic. Rather than risk a violent allergic reaction, wait until your child is a year old before introducing peanut butter. If you or your mate has peanut allergies, wait until your child is at least 3 before giving him a PB&J.
Wheat or wheat products: Most babies can handle wheat (cereal, breads) when they're about 6 to 8 months old, but wheat is the most common grain allergen, so if you're concerned about allergies, it might be a good idea to wait until your baby is 1.
Shellfish: Because it can be highly allergenic, experts recommend delaying shellfish in your baby's diet until reached his first birthday (or until he's between 3 and 4 years old if you suspect he's susceptible to allergies).
Tree nuts (like pecans and walnuts): If you think your baby is at risk for allergies, you might want to wait until he's 3 or 4 before giving him nuts; otherwise he can probably handle them when he's 1, as long as they're pureed in food or in nut butters. (Pieces of nuts pose a choking hazard.)
Other potential allergens: If you're concerned that your baby may be prone to allergies (because you and/or your partner is), you might choose to delay other common allergens — like corn, soy, chocolate, or any food that you're allergic to — until your baby's at least 1. Depending on the seriousness of your allergy and other factors, you may want to wait even longer. For help making this decision, talk to your child's doctor. (Also see "highly allergenic foods," below, under "Foods to avoid: 12 to 36 months.") If you're breastfeeding, avoiding all nuts and possibly eggs and milk in your own diet may help in delaying or preventing allergies in your baby.
Cows' milk: Stick with breast milk or formula until your child's first birthday. Why? Your baby can't digest the protein in cows' milk for the first year, it doesn't have all the nutrients he needs, and it contains minerals in amounts that can damage his kidneys.
Hot dogs: Once you start feeding your baby meat, keep in mind that he can easily choke on bite-size pieces of hot dog unless you cut the dog lengthwise before slicing it into quarter-inch pieces. (If you do serve hot dogs, try vegetarian versions for a healthier treat.)
Large chunks of any fruit, vegetable (cooked or raw), or meat: Pea-size pieces are safest.
Raw vegetables like carrots: Carrots should be shredded or cooked and cut up, so they won't get stuck in your child's throat. The same goes for celery and green beans.
String cheese: Cut cheese into very small pieces or shreds.
Whole grapes: Cut grapes, cherry tomatoes, and melon balls into quarters before serving. The whole fruit could get stuck in your child's throat.
Small, hard foods: Hard candies such as gumdrops, cough drops, nuts, popcorn, lollipops, raisins, and other small dried fruit, seeds, and chewing gum are potential choking hazards. Also avoid certain soft foods that might get lodged in your child's throat, like marshmallows and jelly candies.
More choking prevention:
• Avoid letting your child eat in the car as it's hard to supervise while driving.
• If you use a rub-on teething medication, keep an even closer eye on your baby as this can numb the throat and interfere with swallowing.
Foods to avoid: 12 to 36 months
Low-fat milk: Your toddler still needs the higher fat and caloric content of whole milk for growth and development. Once he turns 2 (and if he doesn't have any growth problems), you can start giving him lower-fat milk, if you like.
Choking hazards: Continue to avoid all the choking hazards listed for babies, above; your child might still have trouble getting them down safely. Also be careful not to give him large chunks of peanut butter. Instead, spread it thinly on bread or crackers, or thin it with some applesauce before spreading.
Highly allergenic foods: Most kids can handle common allergens by their first birthday. But if you're concerned about allergies, experts suggest delaying the introduction of egg whites until age 2, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, and peanuts (including peanut butter) until your baby is at least 3.
Foods to avoid: age 3 and up
Choking hazards: Your child is a competent eater now, but you should still be on the lookout for pieces of food that he could choke on. Continue to avoid popcorn; hard, round foods; and whole pieces of nuts. Also continue to quarter hot dogs before slicing them, and cut up other foods, such as grapes, that might get lodged in his throat.
More choking prevention: Try to keep your busy toddler from eating while walking or running!
Allergens: Most children outgrow allergies by age 3, so your preschooler can safely eat a wide variety of foods. (Note: Allergies to some foods, like nuts and shellfish, can persist for years, so you may need to steer clear of them for some time to come. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about those allergenic foods.)
Warning signs of an allergic reaction
Signs of an allergic or bad reaction to food include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, swelling, abdominal pain, cough, crankiness, excessive gas, hives, itching, runny nose, shortness of breath, stomach bloating, and wheezing. Symptoms most often show up within a few hours of eating. Call your doctor right away if you think your child may be reacting badly to something he ate.
[ Last edited by pp_liang on 2005-1-24 at 09:22 ] |
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发表于 2005-1-24 09:21
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